When the surface of the hardware tool is not smooth during machining, the finishing of machining cutting tools needs to be done from multiple dimensions. First of all, the quality of the cutting edge of the tool itself plays a decisive role. In the tool manufacturing stage, the cutting edge is finely processed through precision grinding process to remove the tiny burrs and defects of the cutting edge, so that the cutting edge can reach extremely high sharpness and smoothness. At the same time, the surface of the tool is polished, and the surface roughness of the tool is reduced by using tools such as grinding paste and polishing wheel. In this way, during the cutting process, the friction between the tool and the workpiece surface is reduced, which can effectively reduce the scratches and tears on the machined surface, laying the foundation for obtaining a smooth surface.
The material selection of machining cutting tools also affects the quality of the machined surface. High-performance tool materials have good wear resistance and hardness, and are not prone to wear and chipping during the cutting process. For example, carbide tools have high hardness and strong wear resistance. They can keep the shape of the cutting edge stable during cutting, avoiding uneven machining surface caused by tool wear. Ceramic tools have high hardness and chemical stability, and have little tendency to bond with the workpiece during cutting. They can reduce the situation where chips adhere to the tool to form built-up edge, thereby avoiding the built-up edge leaving marks on the machined surface, which helps to achieve a smooth machined surface.
Reasonable adjustment of cutting parameters is a key step to achieve smooth processing. Cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth cooperate with each other and directly affect the quality of the machined surface. Properly increasing the cutting speed can make the cutting process smoother, reduce the fluctuation of cutting force, and avoid vibration ripples on the machined surface; reducing the feed rate can reduce the depth of cutting marks left by the tool on the workpiece surface; reasonably controlling the cutting depth can prevent excessive cutting force due to excessive cutting depth, causing workpiece deformation or tool vibration. By optimizing the combination of these parameters, the tool can maintain a stable cutting state during the cutting process, thereby processing a smoother surface.
The geometric angle design of the tool is also closely related to the finish of the machined surface. The size of the rake angle affects the direction and size of the cutting force. A suitable rake angle can reduce cutting deformation, reduce cutting force, make the cutting process smoother, and reduce the roughness of the machined surface; the back angle affects the friction between the back face of the tool and the machined surface. Properly increasing the back angle can reduce friction and prevent the back face from scratching the machined surface. In addition, the reasonable selection of angles such as the main deflection angle and the secondary deflection angle can control the height of the residual area, reduce the residual traces on the machined surface, and make the machined surface smoother and smoother.
Cooling and lubrication conditions play an important role in achieving smooth processing of the tool. During the cutting process, a suitable cooling lubricant can take away the cutting heat, reduce the temperature of machining cutting tools and workpieces, and reduce tool wear and workpiece deformation caused by high temperature. At the same time, the cooling lubricant forms a lubricating film between the tool and the workpiece, reducing the friction coefficient, reducing the cutting force, making it easier to discharge the chips, and preventing the chips from scratching the machined surface. Different processing materials and processing processes require the selection of appropriate cooling lubricant types and supply methods. For example, for difficult-to-process materials, cutting fluids containing special additives are used to enhance the lubrication and cooling effects and help achieve a smooth machined surface.
The sharpening and re-sharpening technology of machining cutting tools is the guarantee to maintain its smooth processing ability. As the tool is used for a longer time, the cutting edge will gradually wear out, and sharpening and re-sharpening are required in time. Through professional sharpening equipment and technology, the shape and size of the cutting edge can be accurately repaired, and the sharpness and smoothness of the tool can be restored. During the sharpening process, the grinding parameters are strictly controlled to avoid cutting edge damage caused by improper grinding. Regular sharpening and re-sharpening of the tool can keep the tool always in good cutting performance and continuously process a smooth surface.
The choice of processing method will also affect the smooth processing effect of machining cutting tools. For some processing tasks with extremely high surface quality requirements, multiple processing procedures can be used, such as roughing to remove most of the excess, semi-finishing to further trim the surface, and finally finishing to achieve the required smoothness. In the finishing stage, the use of advanced process methods such as micro-cutting and high-speed cutting, combined with high-precision machine tools and high-quality tools, can effectively improve the smoothness of the machined surface. At the same time, the processing sequence is reasonably arranged during the processing process to avoid deformation of the workpiece caused by processing stress and ensure the quality of the final machined surface.
